Role of Raman Spectroscopy & Microscopy in Battery R&D

What is Raman spectroscopy?

Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive materials analysis technique in which a monochromatic light source, usually a laser, is directed onto a sample of the materials being analyzed. The interplay of the light and the vibrations of the molecules in the materials generate spectra that can be used to identify materials, characterize molecular structure, assess morphology, and observe dynamic processes. Raman spectroscopy requires little sample preparation and can be used in situ or ex situ.

Obtaining Raman spectroscopy measurements was a time consuming, complex process. As a result of advances in Raman spectroscopy, the technique now delivers much higher sensitivity, better resolution, and a broader range of battery R&D applications. What’s more, current Raman spectroscopy instruments are relatively quick and easy to use, allowing even those with limited science expertise to operate them effectively.

How is Raman spectroscopy used in battery R&D?

Raman spectroscopy plays an important role in advancing battery technology by providing critical information that can be used to analyze battery components, such as cathode, anode and electrolyte materials. Cathode and anode materials degrade over time, but Raman spectroscopy provides insights into their molecular structures, helping researchers measure degradation rates. Reducing the degradation rates of these materials is a key step in developing better batteries.

Raman spectroscopy helps advance understanding of the properties of both liquid and solid electrolytes, including ion transport mechanisms, phase changes, and chemical interactions. This information is indispensable for creating more efficient and stable electrolytes.

A versatile tool, Raman spectroscopy can help evaluate the degree of interaction among electrolyte ions within solutions and polymeric substances. These interactions directly impact battery performance. Additionally, the technique offers valuable insights into the composition of polymer matrices and the ways in which additives can influence their crystalline structure, another factor impacting battery performance.

An extension of Raman spectroscopy, Raman mapping and imaging helps analyze the distribution of materials on electrode surfaces, or across cross-sections. The data obtained can be quantified, giving metrics such as fraction estimates and particle statistics.

Detecting low concentrations of binder. Raman map of an anode (superimposed on an optical microscope image). The colours represent: SBR styrene-butadiene rubber binder (red); graphite (green); acetyl black (blue). The relative concentrations, as determined by the map, are, respectively: 1%, 97%, and 2%.

Operando studies of an anode. As the potential is changed, the anode’s appearance changes. The graphite G-band Raman peak also changes, indicating intercalation of lithium (shifting the peak to higher wavenumbers) and then a peak-splitting reflecting the intercalation penetrating to interior layers, rather than just the boundary layers. Data courtesy of Prof. Y. A. Kim, Shinshu University, Japan.

In situ analysis of batteries is conducted with batteries that are fully assembled and in operation. With Raman spectroscopy instruments, in situ analysis can provide information on chemical reactions that occur as batteries are charged and discharged, helping in the development of new battery materials.

After new materials are produced and prototype batteries are produced with them, it is essential to determine how these materials impact performance, and what it is that makes them either better or worse than their predecessors. This is when ex situ analysis is done, a process requiring disassembly of the batteries and analysis of their components in an inert environment using Raman spectroscopy instruments.

Understanding the Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer is essential for battery safety and performance. Raman spectroscopy is used to analyze the SEI layer’s composition and thickness, helping to minimize issues like capacity fading and dendrite formation. Raman spectroscopy can also be used to study the thermal behaviour of battery materials and investigate safety concerns, such as the risk of thermal runaway.

Raman spectroscopy can also be employed for quality control in battery manufacturing to ensure that materials and components meet the desired specifications, preventing defects and inconsistencies.

 

Supporting electric vehicle battery range performance research

Automotive R&D is increasingly focused on new propulsion technologies for the next generation of hybrid and electric vehicles (EV). At the heart of EV product development is the pursuit of extended range through motor efficiency and battery effectiveness.

Renishaw Raman technologies offer a non-destructive method of monitoring and imaging battery chemistry so that the most suitable materials can be developed and their performance limits understood. Renishaw’s inVia™ confocal Raman microscope, for example, enables automotive battery manufacturers to examine battery chemistry under a range of operating conditions (such as fast-charging and extremes of temperature) to see how the battery reacts and work out how to improve its efficiency.

Apart from R&D of lithium-ion batteries widely used to power electric vehicles, Raman spectroscopy contributes to the development of emerging, next-generation battery technologies, such as lithium-sulfur and solid-state batteries, by helping researchers investigate the unique challenges and materials associated with these systems.

In summary, Raman spectroscopy is an invaluable analytical tool for battery R&D, providing critical information about the characterization, optimization, and safety assessment of various battery components, all of which are essential for advancing battery applications.

Renishaw Raman spectroscopy instruments

 

Renishaw produces a wide range of Raman spectroscopy instruments, including research-grade microscopes, routine bench-top analysers, transportable fibre-optic analysers and combined (hybrid) systems. These state-of-the-art instruments help researchers gain insights across a range of battery applications. Click here to learn more.

 

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Click here to contact SRC and speak directly with our experts on Renishaw Raman Spectroscopy Instruments.

XPS Surface Analysis for Battery Research

What is XPS?

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful surface analysis technique used to identify the elements in and the chemical states of the top layers of materials. It works by bombarding the surface of a material with X-rays (photons) and then measuring the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons ejected from the surface of a material. This energy is directly related to the photoelectrons’ binding energy within the parent atom and is characteristic of the element and its chemical state. Only electrons generated near the surface can escape without losing too much energy for detection. As a result, XPS data is obtained only from the top few nanometers of the surface. XPS surface selectivity, combined with quantitative chemical state identification, makes XPS highly useful in many applications, including battery research.

Vital role of battery research

Batteries have a vital role to play in the world’s transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. In 2022, EVs accounted for 10% of global vehicle sales and by 2030 they are expected to reach 30% of global vehicle sales.  Governments around the world are contributing to this growth through policies that are directing billions of dollars into battery research and manufacturing and by providing subsidies for consumers to purchase EVs.  Ambitious cost and performance targets for the electrification of transportation will require the development of next-generation batteries produced on a commercial that are cost-effective, safe, renewably sourced, and high-performing with long lifetimes.

Cells in Battery

How XPS is used in battery research

There are multiple components and interfaces that are crucial to understand to develop high-performing and stable batteries. These include the cathode, anode, separator, electrolyte, and all interfaces formed between these layers, particularly the electrode-electrolyte interfaces. XPS can be used to study all of these materials and interfaces, such as next-generation cathode/anode active materials and how their composition changes with cycling; how the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer varies in composition as a function of depth; and how surface pre-treatments affect the chemistry of the active electrode material. The quantitative chemical-state information provided by XPS makes it a versatile tool to understand many properties and guide the design of optimized batteries that meet ambitious targets.

Battery research challenges and XPS solutions:

  • Analyzing SEI layer growth: Ongoing charging and discharging of a battery causes the SEI layer to form on the anode, reducing battery capacity. Analysis of the SEI layer helps researchers better understand and control this phenomenon and thereby improve battery performance and longevity. XPS depth profiling can chemically characterize the complex mixture that makes up the SEI layer, from the anode side all the way to the electrolyte side, for chemical understanding of the entire layer.
  • Investigating the role of impurities and contaminants: Impurities and contaminants in battery materials can adversely affect performance and safety. XPS is highly sensitive to trace elements and can identify the presence and identity ofimpurities or contaminants on the surfaces of battery materials, helping researchers understand the sources of impurities and their impact on battery performance.
  • Understanding the stoichiometry of solid electrolyte films: Chemical state analysis provided by XPS can be used to identify the stoichiometry of materials, including depth profiling to quantify elements at each depth and track any differences in stoichiometry throughout a film.
  • Studying interface chemistry: Interfaces between different components of a battery play a crucial role in battery performance and long-term stability. XPS provides insights into the chemistry of interfaces, helping researchers optimize interface design for enhanced performance.
  • Examining degradation in separator chemistry: XPS can provide valuable insights into degradation in separator chemistry during a cell’s lifetime by analyzing the surface chemistry and composition of the separator material.
  • Environmental impact and recycling: XPS can be used to analyze the chemical composition of battery materials before and after recycling processes. It can help assess the effectiveness of recycling methods and the feasibility of reusing materials.
  • Analyzing in situ electrode cycling: In situ XPS experiments can provide real-time insights into the electrochemical behavior and surface chemistry of electrode materials during cycling.

The best XPS for battery research from SRC

PHI’s XPS instruments use a unique scanned, finely-focused X-ray beam to create X-ray induced secondary electron images (SXIs), similar to an SEM, for easy sample navigation with 100% certainty in analysis position.  This imaging capability can be used to easily drive around the sample in live mode or to save positions for compositional analysis including point or large-area spectroscopy, line scans, depth profiling, or chemical mapping. The size of the X-ray beam can be selected to support the efficient analysis of larger samples with homogeneous composition or small heterogeneities. This feature is indispensable for analyzing battery materials and interfaces, ensuring identification of impurities or other heterogeneities in composition, and absolute certainty that data is acquired from the exact feature of interest. In contrast to SEM/EDS, which has a typical analysis depth of 1-3 µm, XPS is a surface-sensitive technique with a typical analysis depth of less than 5 nm, making it better suited for the compositional analysis of ultra-thin layers and thin microscale sample features.

phi genesis Product Image Genesis Geometry Schematic

The PHI Genesis is the latest generation of PHI’s highly successful multi-technique XPS product line with PHI’s patented, monochromatic, micro-focused, scanning X-ray source. It is an easy-to-use, fully automated system with auto-tuning and calibration and multiple parking positions for high throughput. The fully integrated multi-technique platform of the PHI Genesis offers an array of optional excitation sources, sputter ion sources, and sample treatment and transfer capabilities that are all aligned to the same sample location. These features are essential in studying all relevant properties of advanced battery materials and interfaces, including small impurities or compositional heterogeneities, access to buried interfaces, electronic energy gap measurements, and operando experiments for a direct link between chemistry and performance. PHI Genesis offers high sensitivity and high throughput for large areas and small areas down to 5 µm and unique high-throughput non-destructive depth profiling using the optional hard X-ray Cr source. The instrument is fully customizable to address all analytical needs.

For more information on how PHI Genesis can be used to address your battery characterization challenges, please visit the PHI YouTube channel to watch a recent PHI.

 

 

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Click here to contact SRC and speak directly with experts on PHI’s Genesis.

New Product: Raptor 3D Printer from 3DCeram Sinto Tiwari

Sinto Tiwari

 

Spectra Research Corporation (S.R.C.) is pleased to announce a new product offering, Raptor 3D Printer for Fused Filament Fabrication (F.F.F.) 3D printing for metals and ceramics. Earlier this year, Ceramic S.L.A. market leader 3DCeram Sinto became a significant shareholder of Tiwari Scientific Instruments, a German space and industrial research start-up. This acquisition led to their rebranding as 3DCeram Sinto Tiwari.
Raptor 3D

The Raptor 3D Printer, supplied by 3DCeram Sinto Tiwari, is suitable for the cost-effective production of ceramic and metal parts using F.F.F. The process uses specially fabricated bound metal or ceramic filaments shaped into your desired geometry. The printed parts may then be machined to include further details and improve the finish. They can then be heat-treated at high temperatures to eliminate the binder and sintered parts. The Raptor 3D printer yields metal and ceramic parts with a relative density of over 99%.

3DCeram Sinto Tiwari’s printers currently support metals including Copper, Stainless Steel (316L & 17-4PH), and Titanium (Ti6Al4V). The ceramics they support include Alumina (Al2O3), Silicon Carbide (SiC), Silicon Nitride (Si3N4), Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt (WC-Co), Zirconia (ZrO2) and Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2).

This new acquisition aims for 3DCeram Sinto to offer to integrate the F.F.F. technology into their operations to work with some of the most advanced ceramic and metal materials. The purchase is part of a Sinto group development program titled Multi Advanced Technologies (M.A.T.), which intends to provide a new type of additive and intelligent manufacturing organized in digital networks. The program aims to respond to the imperatives of ecology, sustainable development, and precision by offering a new way of considering the production of parts. 

Contact Us

S.R.C. continues to offer our customers a range of innovative, high-quality scientific products and laboratory services throughout Canada for industrial and scientific markets. For more information about 3DCeram Sinto Tiwari or using their Raptor 3D Printer for metal and ceramics fabrication in manufacturing or R&D, please contact a member of our staff.

3D Ceramic Printing

The world of 3D Ceramic Printing has come a long way since the 1980s when it was considered suitable only for the production of functional or aesthetic prototypes, and a more appropriate term for it at the time was “rapid prototyping”. Today, the the precision, repeatability, and material range of 3D printing have increased to the point that some 3D printing processes are considered viable as an industrial-production technology, whereby the term “additive manufacturing” can be used synonymously with 3D printing.

Applications of 3D ceramic printing

In this article we are going to look at 3D printing—or additive manufacturing if you will—using ceramic materials for the following applications:

1) Production of ceramic foundry cores;

2) Optimization of optical instrumentation.

Types of ceramics used in 3D printing

Before we get too far into the weeds with the two applications highlighted above, let’s briefly have a look at the types of ceramics used in 3D printing. Generally speaking, the qualities of ceramic materials are: high strength, high dimensional stability (low coefficient of thermal expansion), low density, high resistance to abrasion and corrosion, and exceptional chemical stability. There is a variety of ceramic materials used in 3D printing, which are categorized into:

  • Oxide ceramics: alumina, zirconia, silicore, alumina-toughened zirconia, cordierite, 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia, silice SiO2, hydroxyapatite/TCP, and tricalcium phosphate;
  • Non-oxide ceramics: silicon nitride and aluminum nitride.

3D Ceram Sinto, a leader in the world of 3D ceramic printing, offers a full range of ready-to-use ceramic pastes for use with their CERAMAKER printers. Naturally, they advise their customers on the critical issue of the ceramic paste best suited to the application at hand, but can also create ceramic paste formulations according to specifications provided by their customers.

3D Ceramic Printing

3D Ceram ceramic paste

 

3D printing of ceramic foundry cores

3D printing of ceramic foundry cores

 

Foundry cores are integral to the production of turbine blades for aviation, aero-derivative and land-based gas turbines. Up to now manufacturing cores has been a time- and labour intensive process. Today, in an effort to lower fuel consumption, improve turbine efficiency and decrease engine emissions, core designs are becoming increasingly complex. Making a complex, porous ceramic foundry core using conventional manufacturing processes involves making the core in several pieces and then assembling them manually. The likelihood of a problem occurring in this process is considerable, resulting in wasted time and materials—and excessively high costs.

Some of the constraints applied to core production:

  • Dimensional accuracy +/- 0.1 mm
  • Structural strength
  • Surface roughness
  • Material porosity

Additive manufacturing brings a new dimension to conventional industrial processes, allowing all of these elements to be controlled. In addition to saving time and materials and increasing productivity in the production of ceramic foundry cores, the technology delivers the following benefits:

  • Design flexibility
  • Possibility of more core complexity
  • Quick creation of new designs
  • Better responsiveness and productivity
  • Increased profitability
  • Maintenance of core strength

3D printing of optical instruments

3D printing of optical instruments

 

3D printing is one of the key technologies for devising innovative solutions contributing to the optimization of optical instruments, such as a plane mirror for a front-end laser engine (galvo-mirror for high-energy laser application). 3D printing can greatly enhance the design and manufacturing of the optical substrate of such an instrument.

3D printing

Two types of mirror

 

The use of additive manufacturing for the production of optical instruments has the following benefits:

  • Parts are lighter because they feature more complex designs that incorporate holes and semi-closed structures
  • Lead time is reduced as there is no need to manufacture and then lighten by machining a first draft
  • Less ceramic is used, which reduces costs
  • New, more complex and disruptive designs are possible
  • New functions such as internal channels, electrical tracks and feedthroughs can be incorporated.

optical instruments

As a result of new additive manufacturing technology, optical substrates and mirrors can now be more compact, thus allowing for additional functions while still keeping volume and mass low.

Industrial 3D ceramic printers

We’ve touched on the ceramic pastes used in 3D ceramic printing and must do likewise with 3D ceramic printers. The number of ceramic 3D printers on the market has increased steadily in recent years and many industrial solutions are now available. Indeed, more manufacturers are offering professional solutions, capable of designing high-quality parts with increasing speed.

3DCeram Sinto is undoubtedly one of the historical players in ceramic additive manufacturing and has developed a professional range based on a stereolithography process. 3D Ceram Sinto’s CERAMAKER 3D printer family has the widest range and most

practical printing platforms of any company in the market, ranging from the C100 (100 x 100 x 150 mm) to the C3600 (300 x 300 x 100 mm). Taking shrinkage into account, you can produce parts with dimensions up to Ø500 mm  with the CERAMAKER C3600.

Industrial 3D ceramic printers

 

PHI WEBINAR SERIES: Applications of TOF-SIMS Tandem MS Imaging for Industrial Problem Solving

 

Register for Applications of TOF-SIMS Tandem MS Imaging for Industrial Problem Solving
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Date and time:
Thursday, September 27, 2018 10:00 am
Central Daylight Time (Chicago, GMT-05:00)
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Duration:
1 hour
Description:
Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is a powerful analytical technique with submicron spatial resolution, ppm sensitivity, and the ability to detect both elemental and molecular species on surfaces. One limitation of TOF-SIMS is that spectra are often difficult to interpret, especially for real-world industrial samples that have a complex mixture of chemicals on the surface. The TOF-SIMS spectrum contains the fragmentation pattern of all the different molecular species on the surface added together. The recent development of parallel imaging MS/MS has greatly simplified the interpretation of TOF-SIMS spectra. By selecting a single precursor ion from the complex TOF-SIMS spectrum and fragmenting it by collision induced dissociation (CID), the clean and unique fragmentation pattern makes identification easy. Several industrial applications will be discussed that demonstrate how MS/MS greatly extends the analytical capability of the TOF-SIMS technique.
nanoTof

 

 Spectra Research Corporation (SRC

Nanosurf webshop: Benefit from Launch Discounts

Nanosurf launches webshop for AFM accessories and more nanosurf-webshop-benefit-launch-discounts

Dear Customer’s,

Nanosurf’s newly launched webshop features a full range of accessories, including

  • Nanosurf cantilevers (webshop special: 10% discount for first 50 orders)
  • Accessories
  • Mode kits
  • Samples
  • Nanosurf software options (webshop introduction special: 50% discount until end of November)

Intuitive filtering options make it easy to find what you are looking for, and to be sure it is compatible with your Nanosurf AFM system.

 

We currently deliver to the US, Canada, and most of Europe* and will expand in the future. Customers in other countries can select items to obtain an offer from one of our local partners.
10% discount on Nanosurf cantilevers

Special limited webshop launch promotion: to welcome you to the webshop, we are offering a 10% discount to the first 50 customers to place an order for our cantilevers online.

BT06865

Dyn190Al-10

BT06866

Stat0.2LAuD-10

 

Software options at half price for limited time

Take this unique opportunity to upgrade your system — choose the software options that elevate your AFM system to the next level. Discounted software options include:

The offer is valid until November 30, 2017.

 

Basic Seminar on Applied Rheology – Maximize your test methods at our factory seminar!

Get the most from your rheology software and test methods.
Learn how at our seminar on Applied Rheology.

Are your rheological test methods as good as they can be? Find out at our informative seminar. Plus find out how to improve, simplify and standardize methods, data evaluation and documentation.

Book 1, 2 or three of these day-long seminar modules:

  • Module 1: Basics of rheology and rotational testing (Day 1 of seminar)
  • Module 2: Thermo Scientific™ HAAKE™ RheoWin™ rheology software (Day 2 of seminar)
  • Module 3: Viscoelasticity, creep and oscillatory testing (Day 3 of seminar).

For dates, languages (English or German), pricing and information about the seminar location in Germany, view the registration page.

 

Spectra Research Corporation

Address

5805 Kennedy Rd
L4Z 2G3 Mississauga
Ontario
Canada

 

 

 

CoreAFM system well received by customers around the globe

Nanosurf’s new research AFM system, the CoreAFM, is going into operation at customer sites around the globe. The first researchers to use the highly versatile CoreAFM are based in the USA and Germany. Deliveries are also being made to Argentina, Ecuador, and China.

These customers appreciate the compact design and attractive pricing. The powerful benchtop system with a multitude of modes allows them to perform all kinds of measurements, facilitated by interchangeable accessories and mode kits.

Powerful and versatile
Next to standard imaging, you can perform MFM, EFM, PFM, KPFM, C-AFM, EC-AFM, Bio-AFM, SThM, lithography and advanced spectroscopy including stiffness maps, as well as FluidFM™ based experiments.

 

Thanks to the integrated active vibration isolation table, your images will be clean and clear – further enhanced by the innovative Spike-Guard system that automatically catches environmental perturbations, and rescans the affected line.

To find out more about the CoreAFM, view the product page on the Nanosurf website, or for specific questions, contact us directly.

 

Thermo Scientific™ HAAKE™ MARS Rheometer, Designed – Can you rely on your Rheological Measuring Results?

Thermo Scientific
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Improve the accuracy and reproducibility of your rheological results 

Can you rely on your rheological measuring results? With correct, reproducible measuring, you can release your batch from production, independent of different users, components or company sites.Thermo Fisher Scientific The Thermo Scientific™ HAAKE™ MARS rheometer, designed for reproducibility, coupled with easy workflow for careful preparation of your sample, is all the difference you need.

Learn the steps you can take to ensure your measuring results are accurate and reproducible – whether produced on different instruments even on different sites.

Download this application note and learn how to:

  • Choose the right measuring geometry for your sample type and viscosity
  • Consider sample history
  • Correct sample loading and trimming

Request the full application note “Well prepared – good results” today!

 Thermo Fisher Scientific Logo

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Spectra Research Corporation

5805 Kennedy Rd., Mississauga ON, L4Z 2G3, TEL: 905 890 2010, FAX: 905 890 1959

Spectra Research Corporation (SRC) offers a range of innovative high-quality scientific products and laboratory services to industrial and scientific markets throughout Canada.

If you require exceptional laboratory services and support, our technical expertise and industry knowledge allows us to provide service and training for all the products we represent.

Established in 1993, SRC is a subsidiary of Allan Crawford Associates (ACA), one of Canada’s largest distributors of electronic components, test equipment and integrated networking solutions.

Webinar – Process Analytics for 21st Century Manufacturing

LIVE WEBINAR: Wednesday May 31st, 2017
To register, please click on the image below!

Key Learning Objectives
  • Understand when we need process analytics in advanced manufacturing
  • Understand some of the challenges in implementing process analytics successfully
  • Understand the particular benefits in using Raman spectroscopy
Who Should Attend

Both new and experienced Raman users, including scientists and researchers from material sciences, life sciences, pharma, and other fields that use Raman spectroscopy.

Webinar: How Extrusion Conditions Influence the Properties of Starch Compounds

Mar 01, 2017 – Mar 01, 2017

You can create better starch compounds by controlling extrusion conditions for food products. This webinar explains how to improve the quality of your final food product by managing the influence of twin-screw extrusion on various product properties.

Background: Starch is a base material for many food products: snacks, cereals, pet food, etc. Yet the gelation process is complex and shaped by many different variables. Processing starch with twin-screw extrusion offers a great flexibility in process design and the opportunity to positively influence products derived from it.

Benefits: Learn how to manipulate processing variables to design a starch matrix that delivers the texture, stability and processability you want. The webinar covers how to choose extruder parameters such as screw set-up, processing temperature and liquid-to-solid ratio to create the desired final food properties. Then see how oscillatory rheometry can deliver the precise analysis needed to ensure a high-quality end product.

Duration: 28 min

Complete the form to view this webinar today!

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Food Rheology Webinar – Before you press ‘start’

 

Food Rheology – What to do before you press ‘start’

Mouthfeel… Spreadability… Appearance… Stability for shelf-life… Testing the structure of a food is essential to ensure the final product appeals to consumers. The results need to be reliable and food samples are sensitive.

Key rheological results can be thrown off by some easy slip-ups in sample handling or the test method itself. This live webinar reviews the critical steps before pressing ‘start’ on your rheometer:

  • Sample handling
  • Sample loading
  • Sufficient recovery
  • Design of test method

Presenter:
Dr. Klaus Oldoerp, Sr. Applications Specialist,
Material Characterization, Thermo Fisher Scientific

Gain confidence in your sampling skills, test method, and rheological results from R&D to QC. Register now ›

 

 

 

 

Date:
Tuesday, February 14

Session 1 Time:
8:00 am EST / 14:00 CET 
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Session 2 Time:
11:00 am EST / 17:00 CET 
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Duration:
45 minutes +
15 minutes for Q&A

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Thermo Fisher Scientific
168 Third Avenue
Waltham, MA 02451
United States

 

5805 Kennedy Rd.,
Mississauga ON,
L4Z 2G3 Canada
TEL: 905 890 2010
FAX: 905 890 1959