Description
Attension Theta High Pressure Chamber is an add-on module for Attension Theta. It enables optimal interfacial tension and contact angle measurements at high pressures and temperatures.
Features & Benefits
- Interfacial tension and contact angle measurements in high pressures and temperatures. Automatic analysis by OneAttension software will provide the results easily and quickly.
- Optimal for mimicking oil reservoir conditions. Interfacial tension and contact angle give an accurate and quantitative measure of the wettability in reservoirs.
- Unique piston design enables to use surfactants also in high pressures with constant concentrations.
Applications
Attension High Pressure Chamber can be used in a variety of applications. The applications and industries include:
- Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), wettability conditions within oil reservoirs
- Supercritical fluids (SCF), supercritical CO2
- CO2 storages
- Polymer industry
Product details
Attension High Pressure Chamber is an advanced add-on module for Attension Theta, enabling to perform interfacial tension and contact angle measurements in high pressures and temperatures.
The chamber includes a unique piston design which is especially useful in any studies including surfactants. Traditionally, the pressure is increased within a chamber by pumping more fluid into it. However, when surfactants are used in the measurement this will lead to a situation where surfactant concentration will also change while changing pressure.
In order to eliminate the issue, in Attension High Pressure Chamber the pressure can also be increased by using a movable piston inside the chamber. The piston will compress the fluid in the chamber without the need to pump in more fluid. Therefore, both surfactant concentration and measurement pressure can be controlled independently.
Attension High Pressure Chamber is operated with modern OneAttension software. OneAttension includes features such as
- Automatic baseline detection and drop shape fitting
- Live analysis of results
- Ready-made experiment recipes for quick and repeatable operations
- Flexible and programmable frame per second rate recorded by the camera
The chamber itself is CE-marked and made from high quality stainless steel. It is easily removable for cleaning purposes.
Technical specifications
Specifications | |||
Measurement types | Interfacial tension, surface tension, contact angle | ||
Possible phases | Gas-liquid, liquid-liquid, liquid-solid | ||
Maximum pressure | 400 bar | ||
Temperature range | 1-200°C | ||
Chamber volume | 85ml (without piston), 40-62ml (with piston) | ||
Pressure control | 2 options: Pressure increase by piston or by adding more liquid/gas with pump | ||
Dimensions | 74 x 25 x 61 cm (L x W x H), Theta + Chamber) | ||
Weight | 16kg (Theta + Chamber) | ||
Power supply | 100 – 240 VAC | ||
Frequency | 50 – 60 Hz | ||
Computer requirements | 2 GHz processor, 1 GB RAM, 40 GB hard disk drive, 1024 x 768 resolution, 1USB port, 1 Gigabit Ethernet port, 1 x Serial port or USB port if circulator used for cooling |
Application example
Wettability of CO2 in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
In order to gain the maximum yield from an oil reservoir, methods grouped under the name enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are used. One common EOR method is to use CO2 to both dissolve and displace oil in a reservoir.
To study the effectiveness of the CO2, the wettability of it can be measured by using interfacial tension and contact angle measurements. The interfacial tension between CO2 and brine, for example, correlates with how easily carbon dioxide can be pumped into the reservoir. Likewise, the contact angle of an oil drop in a carbon dioxide environment gives a measure how well the CO2 can displace the oil on rock surface.
For more detailed information about using CO2 in enhanced oil recovery, see:
Application Note 19 — CO2 in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Theta Range Technical Specifications
Here’s a comparison chart of the technical specifications of the Attension Theta contact angle meters product range.
Theta |
Theta Lite |
|
Available Measurements |
||
Static contact angle |
√ | √ |
Dynamic contact angle |
Automatic | Manual |
Surface/Interfacial tension |
√ | √** |
3D surface roughness |
√ | – |
Interfacial rheology |
√ | – |
Surface free energy |
Zisman Plot, OWRK/Extended Fowkes, van Oss Acid-Base, Wu, Neumann’s Equation of State, Schultz 1 and 2 | |
Available Measurement Methods |
||
Sessile drop |
√ | √ |
Captive bubble |
√ | √ |
Pendant drop |
√ | √ |
Reverse pendant drop |
√ | √ |
Meniscus |
√ | √ |
Dynamic contact angle |
Automatic | Manual |
Pulsating drop |
√ | – |
3D Topography |
√ | – |
High pressure |
√ | – |
Hardware |
||
Measuring range (°, mN/m) |
0…180, 0.01…2000 | 0…180, 0.01…2000 |
Accuracy (°, mN/m) |
±0.1, ±0.01 | ±0.1, ±0.01 |
Maximum sample size (mm) |
Unlimited×95×180 (with stage) | Unlimited×50×200 (with stage) |
Maximum resolution (px) |
1984×1264 | 744×480 |
Maximum measuring speed (fps) |
3009 | 160 |
Camera |
USB3 digital camera with zoom | USB2 |
Light source |
LED based background lighting | LED based background lighting |
Field of view (Ø, mm) |
22 mm x 22 mm | 7 |
Dimensions — Basic frame (L×W×H, cm) |
74×20×59 | 49.5×13×31 |
Weight — Basic frame (kg) |
7.3 | 5 |
Power supply (VAC) |
100…240 | 100…240 |
Frequency (Hz) |
50…60 | 50…60 |
Drop Profile Fitting Method |
||
Young-Laplace (CA, ST/IT, M)* |
√ | √ |
Bashforth-Adams (ST/IT)* |
√ | √ |
Circular (CA)* |
√ | √ |
Polynomial (CA, M)* |
√ | √ |
Software |
||
Provided software |
OneAttension | OneAttension |
System Requirements |
||
Redommended system requirements |
1SDD hard disk (min. 500MB/s) needed for high speed recording with Theta |
|
Operating system requirements |
|